Paper is often created through the further processing of a base sheet; for instance, the *ciqing* (deep indigo-blue) paper described in the Ming Dynasty text *Kaopan Yushi* required multiple rounds of indigo dyeing, with the paper air-dried after each application. After the *Xuan* base paper is heat-set, it can undergo a hammering process to ensure thickness uniformity, keeping the margin of error within 5%.

When producing *Liusha Jian* (flowing-sand patterned paper) from paper mulberry base paper in Jing County, Anhui, sizing is applied in water heated to 40°C, utilizing the principle of oil-water immiscibility to create distinctive patterns. The production of *Yangnao Jian* (sheep-brain paper) requires a base paper with a basis weight of at least 50 g/m² and involves the application of black lacquer in 8 to 10 coats to achieve a glossy finish.